A Survey on Large Language Models: Applications, Challenges, Limitations, and Practical Usage
Authorea, 2023.

Senior Research Fellow, Pépin Laboratory
Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School
Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology
I work on artificial intelligence for medicine and biology. I began in electronic engineering in Pakistan, took a doctorate at City University of Hong Kong on why lung cancers stop responding to the drugs that should kill them, and have since worked at MD Anderson, the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the University of Central Florida. I am now at Massachusetts General Hospital, on foundation models for biomedical imaging and for women's health.
My research is in artificial intelligence applied to medicine and biology, spanning medical image analysis, computational oncology and multimodal learning. My current focus is the foundation-model paradigm: pretraining one model on large biomedical corpora, then adapting it to many clinical tasks.
Note. I am open to collaboration, to co-supervising student projects, to peer review, and to invited lectures.
Authorea, 2023.
The Lancet Digital Health, 2023.
Scientific Reports, 2022.
IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, 2025.
Information Fusion, 2026.